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jahnu 5 hours ago [-]
One thing worth noting is our popular notion of what a star seems to be is quite different from what astronomers have.
One example, Canis Majoris has a radius of about 1420 solar radii. But its mass is roughly
17±8 times the mass of the Sun and therefore an average density of 5.33 to 8.38 mg/m3. “It is over 100.000 times less dense than Earth’s atmosphere at sea level.”
The surface radius of a star is defined based on optical thickness. If you were there, the star would in fact look like a fairly well-defined opaque spheroid with the reported radius. The density of the photosphere plasma is near zero, but there’s a lot of it.
brabel 20 minutes ago [-]
Why doesn’t the stuff just falls in towards the center? It just floats there??
zygentoma 12 minutes ago [-]
Radiation pressure! There is so much heat (= photons) radiating outwards, that it counteracts the gravitational pull.
brabel 9 minutes ago [-]
Wow I knew that stars have that radiation pressure but had no idea it caused mass to get so crazy far away from the ignited area of the star!
FranOntanaya 4 hours ago [-]
I always wonder when do they stop considering the outer layers part of the star and not relatively dense solar wind soup. Nobody says Earth has 7000km radius, even tho there's traces of exosphere past 500km.
antognini 3 hours ago [-]
The outer boundary is the point where a photon has a ~50% chance of escaping without encountering another particle.
encrypted_bird 38 minutes ago [-]
Do you have a source? I'd love to read more. :)
3 hours ago [-]
usrnm 4 hours ago [-]
My layman definition of what a star is is "it's somewhere in the sky and it gives off light". The word "density" wouldn't even come to my mind
margalabargala 2 hours ago [-]
> therefore an average density of 5.33 to 8.38 mg/m3
That's nuts. How on earth does fusion happen at that density? Is there a denser core that actually fuses, and the outer fluffy bits just glow from the inner heat?
adrianN 2 hours ago [-]
Averages are quite misleading. The core is obviously a lot denser. Our sun has an average energy output per cubic meter that is comparable to a compost heap.
throwaway89864 2 hours ago [-]
Astra says this claim is misleading. Sun's average energy output per cubic meter is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of a compost heap. The fusion core is comparable though.
malfist 29 minutes ago [-]
Of course it's misleading, thats the point GP was trying to make. Averages belie truth in large, diverse systems with extremes
Retric 53 minutes ago [-]
The energy density of compost heaps varies by several orders of magnitude it’s not a single number. Volume, moisture content, internal temperature, external temperature, materials being composted, etc all play a significant role.
margalabargala 2 hours ago [-]
Sure, but now I'm left wondering what the size of the body doing fusion is. If most of the star is glorified glowing atmosphere, I want to know the mass and radius of the fusing bits.
peri-cl 1 hours ago [-]
There's dedicated Wikipedia articles responsive to this,
Depends on the class of the star. Our sun? About 1/4 radius and in is fusion reaction. But it gets weird in other stars. In red giants the fusion zone is a very small shell around a dead core. Maybe something like earths orbit in radius, but very very thin.
dpriddle 4 hours ago [-]
Yes and no. It’s fluffy on the outside, but at the core it’s likely denser than our sun.
lrasinen 2 hours ago [-]
Average density for non-uniform objects is pretty useless, since the cubic volume scaling makes a mess of things.
As an example, I pulled the stats for an electric locomotive. 19x3x4.4 meters, mass 90 metric tonnes. That's an average density of about 1/3rd of water.
peri-cl 1 hours ago [-]
These objects (black hole stars) seem to be far larger than that,
One example, Canis Majoris has a radius of about 1420 solar radii. But its mass is roughly 17±8 times the mass of the Sun and therefore an average density of 5.33 to 8.38 mg/m3. “It is over 100.000 times less dense than Earth’s atmosphere at sea level.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VY_Canis_Majoris
https://nineplanets.org/vy-canis-majoris/
That's nuts. How on earth does fusion happen at that density? Is there a denser core that actually fuses, and the outer fluffy bits just glow from the inner heat?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_core
As an example, I pulled the stats for an electric locomotive. 19x3x4.4 meters, mass 90 metric tonnes. That's an average density of about 1/3rd of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-star#Formation_and_prope... (Caption: "Size comparison of a hypothetical quasi-star to some of the largest known stars")
Is there anything behind these objects they could lens?
PBS Space Time: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMdrD_jcYgE
love those channels
Link: https://youtu.be/gUobqtANMfE?si=NVG26d6Aoc2XNEWg